Located in Southwest Virginia, Dickenson County borders the state of Kentucky and the counties of Buchanan, Russell, and Wise. Dickenson County was formed from Wise, Russell, and Buchanan Counties in 1880. Dickenson County was named after W. J. Dickenson, a member of the Virginia General Assembly. Dickenson is the youngest county in Virginia; therefore, it is called "Virginia's Baby."

Before the 1800's the only people to move through the area were Indians and hunters, both used the area as hunting grounds. The first settlements were at Sandlick (Richard "Fighting Dick" Colley) and Holly Creek (John Mullins). Holly Creek later became Clintwood. Today, Clinchco, Clintwood, and Haysi are the only incorporated towns in the county. The county seat is located in Clintwood.

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