For tutorials, online courses, manuals and instructional articles about evidence-based medicine (EBM).
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Consumer guide to understanding and applying the concepts of evidence-based medicine to treatment.
Discusses the nature, types, and pros and cons of adaptive designs in oncology trials that use accumulating data to modify the ongoing trial without undermining the integrity and validity of the trial. [2014]
Critically examines the potential benefits and disadvantages of adaptive trial designs, which use accumulating results in the trial to modify the trial's course. [2010]
A review of adaptive clinical trial design and adpative randomization, examining their impact, challenges, obstacles, and strategies for effective deployment. [2008]
Argues for the communicative advantage of confidence intervals (CIs) over P values for statistical significance. [2010]
Examines the effect of EBM in changing physicians’ attitude towards clinical guidelines, and describes the facilitators and barriers to implementing those clinical guidelines in clinical practice. [2015]
[PDF]
Systematic review of guideline appraisal tools identifying and comparing existing tools and their relative degrees of validation. [2013]
Provides criteria to use to critically appraise systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and documents some of the key pitfalls of each. [2003]
Given rapid development of new genomic biomarkers, this paper explores whether and how we can make randomized trials more adaptable to a changing landscape, and whether we still need such trials at all. [2013]
A comprehensive critical examination and explication of the main tenets of evidence-based medicine. [2018]
Examination of how to develop trustworthy clinical practice guidelines that besides examining what is medically best also allow consistency with patients’ priorities, concerns, and preferences, thus delivering customized care at the level of individuals and their families. [2015]
Overview of the precepts of EBM and reflections on some current issues affecting its progress. [2012]
Exceptionally detailed handbook of the procedures necessary to conduct a systematic review. From the authoritative Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) at the University of York, publisher of DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects).
Provides workshops, resources and background information for healthcare professionals, with research tools and educational material to download. Based at Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford.
Discussion of study validity and the assessment of different forms of bias. [2012]
A review of EBM principles, as well as how it is complemented by personalized medicine; precision medicine; and artificial intelligence and big data. [2019]
Resources for using the Cochrane Library, including quick training videos, user guides and webinars.
Learn to read clinical papers with confidence with courses on critical appraisal and evidence-based medicine
A 'how to' guide to the development of clinical practice guidelines, including synthesis, grading, presentation and the derivation of recommendations. [2012]
Critical review of six clinical practice guidelines development handbooks.
Raises serious questions about the ethical propriety of adaptive designs where the probability of being assigned to one treatment versus its comparator is dependent on emerging data. [2015]
A review of guideline-assessing instruments, finding that alongside the comprehensive instruments such as AGREE II and DELBI, rapid-assessment instruments can be convenient tools for gaining a quick impression of the value of a guideline. [2015]
Critical review of RCT and non-RCT studies, finding that the implementation of RCT methods and the interpretation of the results can be flawed by poor trial design, observer bias, incentive bias, or simple misinterpretation. [2013]
Five calculators for evidence-based factors, including ones for numbers needed to treat (NNT), and for case-control studies, prospective studies, and randomized control trials (RCT). From the Knowledge Translation Program of St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto).
Exploration of the process of evidence-based medicine (EBM), and some of the major issues within EBM. [2017]
This guide, tabbed by topic, is designed to assist health care professionals and students become effective and efficient users of the medical literature; includes a resource collection and glossary. From the University of Illinois at Chicago.
Fourth of a four-part comprehensive mini-course on Evidence-Based Medicine; covers a sample clinical scenario through the process of the art of formulating answerable clinical questions, finding evidence, critically appraising evidence, and putting evidence into practice.
Demonstrates an assessment of sugar-sweetened beverages and type 2 diabetes as an example to show how the new technique called ‘evidence mapping’ can be used to organize studies and evaluate design heterogeneity prior to meta-analysis. [2014]
Concise review of the essential concepts and implementation of evidence-based medicine. [2014]
[PDF]
Reflections growing out of a conversation by John Ioannidis with David Sackett in 2004 about evidence-based medicine (EBM), the movement Sackett had spearheaded, updated to developments through 2016. [2016]
Proposes an integration of the two approaches to evidence-based medicine, evidence-based guidelines (EBG) and evidence-based individual decision making (EBID). [2005]
Guide to the Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) program within the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). [2005]
Details the basic steps of evidence-based practice and provides signposts to more detailed information and assistance. Compiled by the Evidence-Based Practice Group South East and the Health Service Executive of Ireland. [2014]
[PDF]
Guidelines for when and how to search, and assess, "grey literature" (typically non-peer-reviewed conference abstracts, books, dissertations, regulatory reports, etc.) when conducting a systematic review or meta-analysis. From Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). [2013]
Compilation of presentations on how evidence-based medicine in resource-limited settings can be translated into improved health outcomes. [2013]
The advantages of the GRADE system for rating the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.
Comprehensive (74 pp., as downloadable PDF) tutorial on GRADE, the leading consensus approach to grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. From McMaster University.
[PDF]
The seminal paper on how to resolve discordance across systematic reviews, from the eminent expert Alejandro Jadad at McMaster University. [1997]
[PDF]
Compilation of a comprehensive checklist of items linked to the relevant resources and tools that guideline developers should consider. [2014]
Strong defense of EBM, by reviewing practical examples of conflicting topics that evidence-based medicine has positively clarified to allow providing the best possible patient care. [2012]
Summary and critical review of hierarchies of evidence, contrasting the different current approaches and noting their limitations and merits. Chapter from "Neurology: An Evidence-Based Approach". [2012]
[PDF]
Five-part author's guide to performing systematic reviews; illustrated, with examples. [2013]
Comprehensive guide to the process of conducting meta-analysis: selecting articles, inclusion criteria, effect sizes, practical analysis execution, and estimating publication bias. From the British Psychological Society.
[PDF]
Describes and illustrates with practical examples the concept and procedure of random allocation as used in randomized controlled trials/studies (RCTs), including simple, block and stratified randomization. [2014]
Describes I-SPY, a groundbreaking dynamic adaptive randomization model for accelerating both identification and regulatory approval of effective investigational agents. [2013]
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is defined as the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. This chapter describes the key principles of EBM and the process of...
Review of which locoregional endpoints are used in studies of breast cancer, and how these endpoints and their components are defined. [2014]
Slide presentation given to second year medical students on the principles of evidence-based medcine. From the Faculty of Medicine at McGill University (Montreal, Canada).
[pdf]
A five minute tutorial, with inbuilt self-assessment, from the Boston University Medical Library.
Provides a summary of the principles, processes, and foundations of evidence-based decision making. Sample chapter from "Evidence-based Practice Across the Health Professions". [2013]
[PDF]
Comprehensive guide to conducting a meta-analysis, including a detailed case study (43 pp.). [2014]
[PDF]
The origin of levels of evidence and their relevance to the EBM, with examples drawn from the field of plastic surgery. [2012]
An overview of the methodological approaches used in Mendelian randomization studies, with a discussion of MR assumptions and reporting of statistical methods. and a checklist for the reporting of MR studies. [2015]
Critical review of the current status of and progress in Mendelian randomization studies, along with its potential limitations. [2015]
Critical examination of the pros and caveats about meta-analysis, and how the limitations can be overcome; also includes a illustrative case vignette. From CEB, the Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. [2012]
Critically examines the issue of what category of evidence should be placed at the peak of the evidence-based hierarchy/pyramid, either the randomized clinical trial (RCT), or the systematic review with meta-analysis (SR/MA), then outlines how to improve the value of meta-analytic evidence. [2014]
An introduction to and rationale for meta-analysis, including presentation, interpretation, and biases. [2010]
Practical guidelines for minimizing the risk of conducting a mediocre meta-analysis and for supporting researchers to accurately evaluate the published findings. [2013]
Resources and including evidence-based guidelines for primary care providers . From The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP).
Practical lessons on the highly variable quality of systematic reviews themselves, with an illustrative case study showing how different systematic reviews on the same question can arrive at opposite conclusions. [2001]
Review of the strengths and weaknesses of observational versus interventional study design. [2014]
Demonstrates how observational studies may provide moderate- to (rarely) high-strength evidence in systematic reviews. [2014]
How to use the PICO Strategy for the construction of an appropriate research question and review of the literature.
Interative tips from the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine on formulating clinical questions and conducting critical appraisals, accompanying the text "Evidence-based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM".
First of a four-part comprehensive mini-course on Evidence-Based Medicine; covers basic EBM principles and motivation.
Assessment of where we stand in evidence-based medicine as of 2008.
Standard definitions for efficacy end points and events in early-stage adjuvant breast cancer clinical trials, from Memorial Sloan Kettering. [2007]
Presentation on the use of the R statistical package in Evidence-Based Medicine, especially in Clinical Research, intended mainly for, but not limited to, Bio-statisticians, especially those using SAS.
An update on and clarification of various random allocation techniques, especially simple randomization, blocking, stratified random allocation, and minimization, and a critique of non-random approaches. [2014]
Describes the random allocation process, and the associated methods of allocation concealment. [2010]
Clinical trial comparing a blended learning (BL) versus didactic learning (DL) approach for teaching EBM, concluding that a multifaceted approach incorporating BL may be best suited for medical students. [2015]
Reviews the distinct roles, occasional tensions, and relative strengths and limitations of RCTs versus population-based observational studies, proposed as complementary forms of research. [2014]
A review of common randomization strategies, and how to choose betweeen them. [2016]
An overview of several evidence grading systems, including the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, and the journal of the American Academy of Family Physicians. [2011]
The cautions needed in reading and conducting a systematic review, especially strong on sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, sub-group analysis, publication bias and missing data. [2005]
A bibliometric analysis examing the scientific productivity of EBM research and publication trends over decades. [2015]
Compares and evaluates the optimum grading system (SIGN, GRADE, GATE and NSF-LTC) for the type of guideline being developed or question being addressed by a specialist society. [2010]
Argues that confidence intervals are underutilized, and shows that interval estimation is a valuable form of statistical inference with certain advantages over conventional hypothesis testing based on tests of significance. [1998]
Part I of a two part series on how to select and interpret diagnostic tests to confirm or exclude a diagnosis, using a full working example. [PDF]
Part II of a two part series on how to select and interpret diagnostic tests to confirm or exclude a diagnosis, using a full working example.
Discusses how significant results of many RCTs hinge on very few events, and suggests that reporting the number of events required to make a statistically significant result nonsignificant (the Fragility Index) in RCTs can allow for more informed decisions about the confidence warranted by reported RCT results. [2014]
Evaluation of the reporting of survival end points in cancer RCTs. [2008]
Detailed exposition of all the critical procedures of conducting SRs and MAs, with invaluable tips and guides, including on the use of the Cochrane automatic SR/MA software tool RevMan.
Discusses the strengths and limitations of narrative and systematic reviews and meta-analyses and how to critically appraise them. [2008]
Essentials of systematic reviews, and a step-by-step guide for how to conduct one. From Library Services of King's College, London. [2014]
[PDF]
Exceptional learning resource: a comprehensive (300+ pp. as slides) course on the systematic review process, on their strengths and limitations, with step-by-step guidance, examples and case studies on how to perform a quality systematic review. In six downloadable (as PDFs) lessons, from McGill University.
Detailed guidance on how to conduct a systematic review or meta-analysis, with accompanying lectures developed by the University of Edinburgh's Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE).
Discusses and details the important concept of conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses for preclinical (in vitro and in vovo) research. [2014]
Presents three practical methods for actively teaching critical appraisal skills in an evidence-based medicine curriculum. [2013]
Explains the use of confidence intervals in testing hypotheses. From the Canadian Medical Association Journal. [English and French]
Describes how to estimate a treatment's effectiveness and explains the concepts of risk reduction, and number needed to treat. From the Canadian Medical Association Journal. [English and French]
Teaching tips on confounding variables and the statistical adjustment for differences in prognostic variables. From the Evidence-Based Medicine Teaching Tips Working Group.
Teaching tips on the use of clinical prediction rules in applying evidence consistently in everyday clinical practice. From the Evidence-Based Medicine Teaching Tips Working Group.
Teaching tips on using likelihood ratios. From the Evidence-Based Medicine Teaching Tips Working Group.
Discriminates odds from risks, and the nature of an odds ratio as an alternative to a risk ratio. From the Evidence-Based Medicine Teaching Tips Working Group.
Guidance on some of the major limitations besetting systematic reviews (including limited datasets, unpublished data, and both statistical and clinical heterogeneity). [2007]
Second of a four-part comprehensive mini-course on Evidence-Based Medicine; covers the purpose, design and different types of RCTs.
Third of a four-part comprehensive mini-course on Evidence-Based Medicine; covers the principles, methodology and appraisal of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, including use of odds ratios and relative risks.
Explores the historic use of different endpoints, and the associated degree of regulatory flexibility shown, by the FDA to support regular and accelerated approval of cancer drugs. [2013]
Details how the design, conduct, and analysis of animal experiments may be optimized through the use of systematic reviews. [2014]
Reviews multiple alternative systems for rating the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations.
Presents the fundamental principles of EBM, provides methods for incorporating EBM into clinical work, and discusses future directions of EBM. [2019]
Describes the potential superiority in well-defined cases of adaptive randomization which allocates more patients to the better treatments as the data accumulates in the trial. [2012]
A defense of evidence-based medicine from the perspective of women's health concerns.
(January 06, 2007)
Discussion of the applicability of evidence-based medicine in Latin American countries.
(August 30, 2005)
An article from the Medical Journal of Australia explains the basic processes and concepts, with descriptions of common computer-assisted research tools.
(January 01, 2001)
Discusses the nature, types, and pros and cons of adaptive designs in oncology trials that use accumulating data to modify the ongoing trial without undermining the integrity and validity of the trial. [2014]
Discusses the strengths and limitations of narrative and systematic reviews and meta-analyses and how to critically appraise them. [2008]
The advantages of the GRADE system for rating the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.
Critical review of RCT and non-RCT studies, finding that the implementation of RCT methods and the interpretation of the results can be flawed by poor trial design, observer bias, incentive bias, or simple misinterpretation. [2013]
Guide to the Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) program within the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). [2005]
Compares and evaluates the optimum grading system (SIGN, GRADE, GATE and NSF-LTC) for the type of guideline being developed or question being addressed by a specialist society. [2010]
A five minute tutorial, with inbuilt self-assessment, from the Boston University Medical Library.
Provides a summary of the principles, processes, and foundations of evidence-based decision making. Sample chapter from "Evidence-based Practice Across the Health Professions". [2013]
[PDF]
Part II of a two part series on how to select and interpret diagnostic tests to confirm or exclude a diagnosis, using a full working example.
Detailed exposition of all the critical procedures of conducting SRs and MAs, with invaluable tips and guides, including on the use of the Cochrane automatic SR/MA software tool RevMan.
Guidance on some of the major limitations besetting systematic reviews (including limited datasets, unpublished data, and both statistical and clinical heterogeneity). [2007]
Exploration of the process of evidence-based medicine (EBM), and some of the major issues within EBM. [2017]
A comprehensive critical examination and explication of the main tenets of evidence-based medicine. [2018]
Argues for the communicative advantage of confidence intervals (CIs) over P values for statistical significance. [2010]
Details the basic steps of evidence-based practice and provides signposts to more detailed information and assistance. Compiled by the Evidence-Based Practice Group South East and the Health Service Executive of Ireland. [2014]
[PDF]
An overview of the methodological approaches used in Mendelian randomization studies, with a discussion of MR assumptions and reporting of statistical methods. and a checklist for the reporting of MR studies. [2015]
Presents three practical methods for actively teaching critical appraisal skills in an evidence-based medicine curriculum. [2013]
Critical review of the current status of and progress in Mendelian randomization studies, along with its potential limitations. [2015]
Details how the design, conduct, and analysis of animal experiments may be optimized through the use of systematic reviews. [2014]
Reviews the distinct roles, occasional tensions, and relative strengths and limitations of RCTs versus population-based observational studies, proposed as complementary forms of research. [2014]
Concise review of the essential concepts and implementation of evidence-based medicine. [2014]
[PDF]
Comprehensive (74 pp., as downloadable PDF) tutorial on GRADE, the leading consensus approach to grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. From McMaster University.
[PDF]
Exceptional learning resource: a comprehensive (300+ pp. as slides) course on the systematic review process, on their strengths and limitations, with step-by-step guidance, examples and case studies on how to perform a quality systematic review. In six downloadable (as PDFs) lessons, from McGill University.
Five calculators for evidence-based factors, including ones for numbers needed to treat (NNT), and for case-control studies, prospective studies, and randomized control trials (RCT). From the Knowledge Translation Program of St. Michael's Hospital (Toronto).
Proposes an integration of the two approaches to evidence-based medicine, evidence-based guidelines (EBG) and evidence-based individual decision making (EBID). [2005]
An overview of several evidence grading systems, including the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, and the journal of the American Academy of Family Physicians. [2011]
Strong defense of EBM, by reviewing practical examples of conflicting topics that evidence-based medicine has positively clarified to allow providing the best possible patient care. [2012]
Resources for using the Cochrane Library, including quick training videos, user guides and webinars.
Essentials of systematic reviews, and a step-by-step guide for how to conduct one. From Library Services of King's College, London. [2014]
[PDF]
Argues that confidence intervals are underutilized, and shows that interval estimation is a valuable form of statistical inference with certain advantages over conventional hypothesis testing based on tests of significance. [1998]
Critical examination of the pros and caveats about meta-analysis, and how the limitations can be overcome; also includes a illustrative case vignette. From CEB, the Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics. [2012]
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is defined as the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. This chapter describes the key principles of EBM and the process of...
A review of EBM principles, as well as how it is complemented by personalized medicine; precision medicine; and artificial intelligence and big data. [2019]
Presents the fundamental principles of EBM, provides methods for incorporating EBM into clinical work, and discusses future directions of EBM. [2019]
A review of common randomization strategies, and how to choose betweeen them. [2016]
Reflections growing out of a conversation by John Ioannidis with David Sackett in 2004 about evidence-based medicine (EBM), the movement Sackett had spearheaded, updated to developments through 2016. [2016]
Discusses and details the important concept of conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses for preclinical (in vitro and in vovo) research. [2014]
Critical review of six clinical practice guidelines development handbooks.
Demonstrates an assessment of sugar-sweetened beverages and type 2 diabetes as an example to show how the new technique called ‘evidence mapping’ can be used to organize studies and evaluate design heterogeneity prior to meta-analysis. [2014]
Given rapid development of new genomic biomarkers, this paper explores whether and how we can make randomized trials more adaptable to a changing landscape, and whether we still need such trials at all. [2013]
A 'how to' guide to the development of clinical practice guidelines, including synthesis, grading, presentation and the derivation of recommendations. [2012]
A review of adaptive clinical trial design and adpative randomization, examining their impact, challenges, obstacles, and strategies for effective deployment. [2008]
Describes the random allocation process, and the associated methods of allocation concealment. [2010]
Explores the historic use of different endpoints, and the associated degree of regulatory flexibility shown, by the FDA to support regular and accelerated approval of cancer drugs. [2013]
Review of which locoregional endpoints are used in studies of breast cancer, and how these endpoints and their components are defined. [2014]
Standard definitions for efficacy end points and events in early-stage adjuvant breast cancer clinical trials, from Memorial Sloan Kettering. [2007]
Evaluation of the reporting of survival end points in cancer RCTs. [2008]
A bibliometric analysis examing the scientific productivity of EBM research and publication trends over decades. [2015]
Examines the effect of EBM in changing physicians’ attitude towards clinical guidelines, and describes the facilitators and barriers to implementing those clinical guidelines in clinical practice. [2015]
[PDF]
Examination of how to develop trustworthy clinical practice guidelines that besides examining what is medically best also allow consistency with patients’ priorities, concerns, and preferences, thus delivering customized care at the level of individuals and their families. [2015]
A review of guideline-assessing instruments, finding that alongside the comprehensive instruments such as AGREE II and DELBI, rapid-assessment instruments can be convenient tools for gaining a quick impression of the value of a guideline. [2015]
Presentation on the use of the R statistical package in Evidence-Based Medicine, especially in Clinical Research, intended mainly for, but not limited to, Bio-statisticians, especially those using SAS.
Discusses how significant results of many RCTs hinge on very few events, and suggests that reporting the number of events required to make a statistically significant result nonsignificant (the Fragility Index) in RCTs can allow for more informed decisions about the confidence warranted by reported RCT results. [2014]
An introduction to and rationale for meta-analysis, including presentation, interpretation, and biases. [2010]
Five-part author's guide to performing systematic reviews; illustrated, with examples. [2013]
Review of the strengths and weaknesses of observational versus interventional study design. [2014]
An update on and clarification of various random allocation techniques, especially simple randomization, blocking, stratified random allocation, and minimization, and a critique of non-random approaches. [2014]
Demonstrates how observational studies may provide moderate- to (rarely) high-strength evidence in systematic reviews. [2014]
Compilation of a comprehensive checklist of items linked to the relevant resources and tools that guideline developers should consider. [2014]
Systematic review of guideline appraisal tools identifying and comparing existing tools and their relative degrees of validation. [2013]
Critically examines the potential benefits and disadvantages of adaptive trial designs, which use accumulating results in the trial to modify the trial's course. [2010]
Raises serious questions about the ethical propriety of adaptive designs where the probability of being assigned to one treatment versus its comparator is dependent on emerging data. [2015]
Detailed guidance on how to conduct a systematic review or meta-analysis, with accompanying lectures developed by the University of Edinburgh's Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE).
Comprehensive guide to conducting a meta-analysis, including a detailed case study (43 pp.). [2014]
[PDF]
Clinical trial comparing a blended learning (BL) versus didactic learning (DL) approach for teaching EBM, concluding that a multifaceted approach incorporating BL may be best suited for medical students. [2015]
Resources and including evidence-based guidelines for primary care providers . From The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP).
Describes the potential superiority in well-defined cases of adaptive randomization which allocates more patients to the better treatments as the data accumulates in the trial. [2012]
Describes and illustrates with practical examples the concept and procedure of random allocation as used in randomized controlled trials/studies (RCTs), including simple, block and stratified randomization. [2014]
Describes I-SPY, a groundbreaking dynamic adaptive randomization model for accelerating both identification and regulatory approval of effective investigational agents. [2013]
Teaching tips on using likelihood ratios. From the Evidence-Based Medicine Teaching Tips Working Group.
Teaching tips on the use of clinical prediction rules in applying evidence consistently in everyday clinical practice. From the Evidence-Based Medicine Teaching Tips Working Group.
Teaching tips on confounding variables and the statistical adjustment for differences in prognostic variables. From the Evidence-Based Medicine Teaching Tips Working Group.
Guidelines for when and how to search, and assess, "grey literature" (typically non-peer-reviewed conference abstracts, books, dissertations, regulatory reports, etc.) when conducting a systematic review or meta-analysis. From Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). [2013]
Discriminates odds from risks, and the nature of an odds ratio as an alternative to a risk ratio. From the Evidence-Based Medicine Teaching Tips Working Group.
Describes how to estimate a treatment's effectiveness and explains the concepts of risk reduction, and number needed to treat. From the Canadian Medical Association Journal. [English and French]
Reviews multiple alternative systems for rating the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations.
Explains the use of confidence intervals in testing hypotheses. From the Canadian Medical Association Journal. [English and French]
Interative tips from the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine on formulating clinical questions and conducting critical appraisals, accompanying the text "Evidence-based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM".
Critically examines the issue of what category of evidence should be placed at the peak of the evidence-based hierarchy/pyramid, either the randomized clinical trial (RCT), or the systematic review with meta-analysis (SR/MA), then outlines how to improve the value of meta-analytic evidence. [2014]
Discussion of study validity and the assessment of different forms of bias. [2012]
Practical guidelines for minimizing the risk of conducting a mediocre meta-analysis and for supporting researchers to accurately evaluate the published findings. [2013]
Fourth of a four-part comprehensive mini-course on Evidence-Based Medicine; covers a sample clinical scenario through the process of the art of formulating answerable clinical questions, finding evidence, critically appraising evidence, and putting evidence into practice.
Second of a four-part comprehensive mini-course on Evidence-Based Medicine; covers the purpose, design and different types of RCTs.
How to use the PICO Strategy for the construction of an appropriate research question and review of the literature.
First of a four-part comprehensive mini-course on Evidence-Based Medicine; covers basic EBM principles and motivation.
Third of a four-part comprehensive mini-course on Evidence-Based Medicine; covers the principles, methodology and appraisal of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, including use of odds ratios and relative risks.
Practical lessons on the highly variable quality of systematic reviews themselves, with an illustrative case study showing how different systematic reviews on the same question can arrive at opposite conclusions. [2001]
The origin of levels of evidence and their relevance to the EBM, with examples drawn from the field of plastic surgery. [2012]
Compilation of presentations on how evidence-based medicine in resource-limited settings can be translated into improved health outcomes. [2013]
Assessment of where we stand in evidence-based medicine as of 2008.
Overview of the precepts of EBM and reflections on some current issues affecting its progress. [2012]
Provides criteria to use to critically appraise systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and documents some of the key pitfalls of each. [2003]
Exceptionally detailed handbook of the procedures necessary to conduct a systematic review. From the authoritative Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) at the University of York, publisher of DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects).
Consumer guide to understanding and applying the concepts of evidence-based medicine to treatment.
The cautions needed in reading and conducting a systematic review, especially strong on sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, sub-group analysis, publication bias and missing data. [2005]
The seminal paper on how to resolve discordance across systematic reviews, from the eminent expert Alejandro Jadad at McMaster University. [1997]
[PDF]
Comprehensive guide to the process of conducting meta-analysis: selecting articles, inclusion criteria, effect sizes, practical analysis execution, and estimating publication bias. From the British Psychological Society.
[PDF]
Summary and critical review of hierarchies of evidence, contrasting the different current approaches and noting their limitations and merits. Chapter from "Neurology: An Evidence-Based Approach". [2012]
[PDF]
This guide, tabbed by topic, is designed to assist health care professionals and students become effective and efficient users of the medical literature; includes a resource collection and glossary. From the University of Illinois at Chicago.
Slide presentation given to second year medical students on the principles of evidence-based medcine. From the Faculty of Medicine at McGill University (Montreal, Canada).
[pdf]
Part I of a two part series on how to select and interpret diagnostic tests to confirm or exclude a diagnosis, using a full working example. [PDF]
Learn to read clinical papers with confidence with courses on critical appraisal and evidence-based medicine
Provides workshops, resources and background information for healthcare professionals, with research tools and educational material to download. Based at Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford.
A defense of evidence-based medicine from the perspective of women's health concerns.
(January 06, 2007)
Discussion of the applicability of evidence-based medicine in Latin American countries.
(August 30, 2005)
An article from the Medical Journal of Australia explains the basic processes and concepts, with descriptions of common computer-assisted research tools.
(January 01, 2001)
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- Recently edited by shedragon
- Recently edited by shedragon