Hyperthyroid patients are sometimes prescribed antithyroid medication. These will attempt to slow down overproduction of the thyroid hormones that are naturally produced in the body by the thyroid gland. Beta blocking medications are sometimes prescribed to help alleviate the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroid patients are usually prescribed thyroid hormone replacement medication. These medications replace the thyroid hormone that the thyroid gland is no longer naturally producing in the body.

Radioactive Iodine Therapy, also known as radioiodine therapy (RAI) is often used to treat hyperthyroid patients. This procedure stops the thyroid gland from producing thyroid hormones.

Thyroid surgery, either partial thyroidectomy or thyroidectomy is sometimes performed to remove all or part of the thyroid gland, if cancer is found or suspected, if there is a large goiter, and in some cases as a treatment for hyperthyroidism.