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Science

Broadly defined to include physical sciences, life sciences, social sciences, earth sciences, mathematics, engineering, and technology. The alphabetical index helps to find a particular Science topic, especially if common name differs from one used by scientists.

Sites about alternative / non-mainstream Science concepts are listed in Science/Anomalies_and_Alternative_Science.

1. Sites in languages other than English should be submitted to appropriate World category as listed under the heading "This category in other languages."

2. Sites which sell consumer goods should be submitted to the appropriate subcategory in Shopping, for example Shopping/Recreation/Science_and_Nature. If the shopping site contains substantial general information on its scientific topic the informational component also can be listed in Science.

3. Sites for manufacturers and providers of specialized services generally should be listed in Business. The primary exception is business sites addressed to scientific users listed in Instruments and Supplies (for example laboratory supplies or scientific instruments).

4. Websites explicitly directed at education about scientific topics (including curriculum or class materials) should be listed in /Science/[topic]/Education subcategories (see Science/Educational_Resources. Every entry should be described with its target audience specified (including hints if it is rather for educators or for direct use by pupils/students). Note that many educational sites offer information of broad interest and can be listed in the topical category.

5. Sites about alternative / non-mainstream Science concepts are listed in Science/Anomalies_and_Alternative_Science

6. Academic departments can be double listed under the university in Reference/Education/Colleges_and_Universities and also in /Science/[topic]/Academic_Departments.

Academic Departments

This category is for sites about scientific institutions and university departments doing scientific research and providing scientific educational programs in more than one branch of science.

There are separate categories for many different branches of science. Please submit your site to the most appropriate category. Submitting to an incorrect category may delay review of your site.
Please submit only websites that have English language content to this category and its subcategories. If your site is in a language other than English, please submit it to the appropriate category of World.

Agriculture

The science and technology of growing living things (plants and animals) for human consumption or use as pets, ornament, food, fiber, or construction material. Includes Forestry, Horticulture and Soil Science.

Please submit sites that belong to the science and practice of agriculture.

Do not submit company websites that sell agricultural products. Please submit these to the appropriate Business or Shopping category.

If the topic is more focused on a local area of the world, such as farming techniques in Malaysia, please submit your site to the appropriate Regional category.

This category is for English language sites. Please submit non-English sites to the most appropriate World category.

Anomalies and Alternative Science

Science is constantly reshaping itself through unexpected observations, new ideas, and revisions to old theories. While terms like "anomalies" or "alternative" may seem pejorative from an orthodox perspective, from an historical view these are the topics are the very life-blood of science. We must have heretics and revolutionaries challenging our beliefs, and advancing the state of the believable, otherwise science will stagnate into dogma.

This category includes a wide range and variety of topics dealing with alternative or "out of the mainstream" science. This includes unexplained phenomena, alternate theories, strange animals or people, and many others. Try to find the single best subcategory for your site.

Psychic phenomena, UFOs, ghosts, and reincarnation are related subjects that sometimes are addressed on Alternative Science websites listed in this category, but they are primarily covered in other categories. If you are submitting a site on one of these topics, consider submitting to one of the following categories, as appropriate:

Society/Paranormal/Psychic/
Society/Paranormal/UFOs/
Society/Paranormal/Ghosts/
Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Reincarnation/

Astronomy

Astronomy is the study of the physical and chemical properties of the stars, planets, galaxies and the universe, as we know it, today and in the past.
Sites about astrology or horoscopes should be submitted to Astrology.

Please submit your site to the most appropriate category. Submitting to an incorrect category may delay review of your site.
Please submit only websites that have English language content to this category and its subcategories. If your site is in a language other than English, please submit it to the appropriate category of World.

Biology

Biology is the branch of science which studies living organisms and how they interact with each other and their environment. It examines the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living things. It also classifies and describes organisms and their inter-relationships.

No sites are listed at this level. Please submit your site to the most appropriate sub-category. Submitting to an incorrect category may delay review of your site.
Please submit only websites that have English language content to this category and its subcategories. If your site is in a language other than English, please submit it to the appropriate category of World.

Chats and Forums

Contains newsletters, newsgroups, forums, message boards, and chat rooms which discuss broad science related topics. Also provides links to categories for "chats and forums" focused in a particular field of science.

There are separate categories for Chats and Forums in many of the different branches of science.
Please submit your site to the most appropriate category. Submitting to an incorrect category may delay review of your site.
Please submit only websites that have English language content to this category and its subcategories. If your site is in a language other than English, please submit it to the appropriate category of World.

Chemistry

Chemistry is typically defined as the science that studies the composition, structure, and transformation of matter. It has been called "the central science" because of the way it is related with all the other sciences. Chemistry bridges the gap between physics and biology; it is a "helper science" in almost many technical disciplines; and it occupies a prominent position in industry between the extraction of raw materials and the manufacture of finished products. Of course, it is chemists who call it this way; other scientists may have different perspectives. Chemistry is also distinguished from some other sciences because it creates its own object of study: chemists can imagine and create new compounds that have never existed in nature, so they are not constrained to what already exists, but only to what can be done.

Sites about chemical businesses or industry are not listed in this category. See Business/Chemicals and Business/Industrial_Goods_and_Services/Engineering/Chemical instead.

Sites about chemical engineering should go to Science/Technology/Chemical_Engineering.

Directories

Contains Internet directories with links relating to the field of science. All directories pertaining to a particularly branch of science are to be found within the category for that branch.

Please submit your site to the most appropriate category. Submitting to an incorrect category may delay review of your site.
Please submit only websites that have English language content to this category and its subcategories. If your site is in a language other than English, please submit it to the appropriate category of World.

Earth Sciences

Earth science, also known as geoscience, is the study of the physical properties of the land, atmosphere, inland waters and oceans on earth.

Submit sites to this category that pertain to the study of the physical properties of the land, inland waters and oceans.

Sites that are about maintaining the health of the earth''s systems, such as the animal and plant life, should be submitted to the Science/Environment category.

Educational Resources

Science educational resources are educational products and services for teachers and students in the general field of science or cover more than one specialty in science. Some examples of webpages to be listed here include science workbooks, class activities, lesson plans, and mentoring programs.

Sites included here are non-commercial sites about products and services that help teachers and students with general science education classes or cover several, different specialized areas of science.

If the educational products and services that are listed on the page refer to a specific branch of science, please submit the webpage to one of the subcategories listed for the field.

If the educational products and services cover the broad field of general education, please submit your webpage to Reference/Education/Products_and_Services.

Submit commercial online shopping sites for recreational learning products at Shopping/Recreation/Science_and_Nature.
Please submit only websites that have English language content to this category and its subcategories. If your site is in a language other than English, please submit it to the appropriate category of World.

Employment

Webpages that offer advice and employment information for careers in the sciences.

Please only submit sites which allow for online job posting, and searches with immediate results. All other job related services should be placed elsewhere.

more information (editors only)

Environment

Scientific aspects (and many non-scientific aspects) of environmental protection, natural heritage conservation, sustainable living, environmental impact of technologies, and global environmental change.
Environmental Science involves the focused application of many other fields of science and engineering, and therefore is related to Biology, Earth Sciences, Chemistry, Physics, Engineering, and the Social Sciences.
All resources are organized in subcategories of Science: Environment.: For general environmental science topics, start with Directories, Organizations or Journals.
For environmental consulting and other products and services see individual topic listings: or Products and Services.

This category tree is for scientific content about studies focusing on preserving the land, water and atmosphere systems to be habitable for humans and animals.
Websites about environmental issues should be listed under Society: Issues: Environment.
This is not the right category websites about the biology or conservation of specific animals.
For appropriate placement of these sites, see Zoology.
Websites for local environmental organizations or about environmental topics in your city, town, province, county, country, state, or region should be listed in the "Science and Environment" subcategory for your geographic area, found in Regional.
Local sites judged to be of broad topical interest may also be listed in a subcatregory here.: Environmental consulting and closely related products and services should be listed in an appropriate subcategory under Products and Services.

Events

This category contains listings of science-related events. Events for the general public can be found in the sub-category Science/Events/Science_Festivals, while events for scientists themselves are in Science/Events/Conferences.

Please submit events to either of the two sub-categories, depending on whether they are primarily aimed at the scientific community or at the general public. Please note also that the Science/Events/Conferences category is for interdisciplinary events; conferences restricted to one discipline should be listed under that discipline, for example Science/Physics/Conferences for a physics conference.

Instruments and Supplies

Scientific instruments and supplies includes consumable supplies, measurement instruments, lab equipment, related repair services for professional scientists, teachers and researchers within the science fields.

Please submit English language sites that relate to companies that supply scientific lab or research equipment, as well as repair services for these items.

The title should show the company name and the description should consist of a couple of sentences describing the product line or lines.

Please try to find the appropriate subcategory for your submission, such as:

Industrial scale devices, as opposed to research equipment should be submitted to the appropriate subcategory of the
Industrial Goods and Services categories.

Healthcare supply sites should be submitted to:
Healthcare Products and Services.

Math

Math or mathematics is the study of numbers and variables representing numbers to solve everyday problems, learn about the world around us or to be an exercise in logical reasoning.

Some applications of math are in the areas of finance, physics, sociology, computer programming, fractal music and geometric art.

Please submit sites that have substantial information about math in general that doesn''t fall into any of the math subcategories listed.

Methods and Techniques

Methods and techniques that are useful in a broad range of scientific and engineering applications include statistical methods, analytical chemistry, crystallography, microscopy and microanalysis, geographic information systems, and electronic data acquisition. Because many methods and techniques are themselves important fields or subfields of science addressed elsewhere in the Open Directory, this category contains numerous cross-links to other categories.

News and Media

Current news and features about science and technology.

There are separate categories for News in many of the different branches of science.
Please submit your site to the most appropriate category. Submitting to an incorrect category may delay review of your site.
Please submit only websites that have English language content to this category and its subcategories. If your site is in a language other than English, please submit it to the appropriate category of World.

Organizations

Organizations are groups of people working together towards a common goal. This category is for organizations that do not themselves conduct scientific research but aim to spread information about such research. They organize meetings, publish journals and provide research grants for scientists in the field. The category includes scientific and engineering societies and associations, professional societies, museums of science and technology and government science establishments.

There are separate categories for Organizations in many of the different branches of science.
Please submit your site to the most appropriate category. Submitting to an incorrect category may delay review of your site.
Please submit only websites that have English language content to this category and its subcategories. If your site is in a language other than English, please submit it to the appropriate category of World.

Physics

"Physics is the study and application of the fundamental laws of nature, including the laws of motion, gravity, electromagnetism, heat, and microscopic interactions. These laws govern the behavior of objects at all scales, from the smallest subatomic particles to the entire observable universe. In between, physicists study nuclear reactions, the interactions of atoms with light, properties of solids, chaotic dynamics of fluids, and the evolution of stars and galaxies, among many other applications."

If this doesn't tickle your fancy, there is always the quote from Rutherford: "In science, there is only physics; all the rest is stamp collecting."

This category includes sites about the basic laws of nature, such as the laws of motion, electromagnetism and atomic interactions.

Webpages that focus more on mathematics as it applies to physics should be placed in the Mathematical Physics subcategory.

Webpages that focus on the interdisciplinary topic of combining physics, chemistry, thermodynamics and quantum mechanics should be placed in Physical Chemistry

Submit sites about the study of the nature of space and astral bodies in Astrophysics. But, webpages that offer general statistics and data about the universe should be submitted to Astronomy.

Publications

Scientific publications include traditional print journals typically intended for professional audiences, printed magazines typically intended for a popular audience, books, and a wide variety of electronic publications. Most publications are listed under subject-specific publications categories that are accessible here via links. URLs listed in this category are primarily for broad-scope journals, magazines, and publishers.

Please find the scientific subcategory most relevant for your site. Most publications are listed under subject-specific publications categories that are accessible here via links. URLs listed in this category are primarily for broad-scope journals, magazines, and publishers.

Please do not submit URLs for individual articles and books to this category.

Reference

Includes reference webpages and tools for general science or those that would apply to several different disciplines. Some examples would be lists of constants, measurement conversions, online calculators, formula tables, exact time, properties of materials, and technical standards.

Please submit general science reference materials to this category, such as periodic tables and metric conversion.

Those webpages that cover a single topic area of science, should be listed within that science category.

Research Groups and Centers

Most research activities will either occur in academic departments or in research institutes (which may either be in universities or external). Both of these are included in this category.

There are separate categories for many of the different branches of science.
Please submit your site to the most appropriate category. Submitting to an incorrect category may delay review of your site.
Please submit only websites that have English language content to this category and its subcategories. If your site is in a language other than English, please submit it to the appropriate category of World.

Science in Society

"Science in Society" focuses on the interaction of science and technology with the broader society. Potential topics include (but are not limited to) policy about science and technology, ethics in science and technology, representation of various societal groups in the scientific endeavor, applications of science in law, speculations about future science and technology, and the misuse (or proper use) of science in commerce and public discourse.

This category deals with the interaction of science and culture, civilizations, and standard of living.
Please follow the guidelines to ensure your site is suggested to the correct category so it can be most quickly added to the directory:

Websites not in the English language should be suggested to the proper language category under World.
Websites for companies offering scientific services should be suggested to the appropriate Business category, for instance if you offer clinical research services for the pharmaceutical industry, use Business: Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals: Contract Research Organizations.
Websites focused on a particular scientific discipline should be submitted to the appropriate subcategory under Science, for instance if the topic is educational activities in Astronomy, use Astronomy: Education. Similarly, topics in one of the Social Sciences, such as archaeology, psychology and sociology, should be suggested in the most appropriate subcategory in Social Science.

Websites about public policy may be appropriate here; current issues may be more appropriately placed in Society: Issues: Science and Technology.

Search Engines

This category lists engines which search databases of scientific information and literature.

Submit only search engines that specialize in general science topics.

Other search engines should be submitted to the correct subcat of the Search Engines category.

Other science websites should be submitted to the appropriate Science category subtopic.

Social Sciences

The social sciences are branches of human knowledge related to the study of humans and human society including the fields of economics, psychology, anthropology, sociology, and political science, as well as related fields and subfields which apply scientific methods to the human condition.

Please submit only sites with an academic or research orientation into this hierarchy. Most sites for general, rather than scholarly consumption are properly classed under such categories as Society/Politics or Society/Ethnicity.

Technology

Engineering and related applied sciences.

NO SITES ARE LISTED AT THIS LEVEL.
Please submit your site to the most suitable subcategory.

Related categories
Kids and Teens School Time Science

Reference Encyclopedias

Recreation Humor Science

Shopping Recreation Science and Nature