Élie Joseph Cartan (1869-1951), French mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of Lie groups and their geometric applications.

Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789–1857), French mathematician. He started the project of formulating and proving the theorems of calculus and was thus an early pioneer of analysis.

Bonaventura Francesco Cavalieri (1598-1647), Italian mathematician who developed a method of indivisibles which became a factor in the development of the integral calculus.

Arthur Cayley (1821-1895), British mathematician. The most important of his work is in developing the algebra of matrices and work in non-euclidean and n-dimensional geometry.

Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821-1894), Russian mathematician who is largely remembered for his investigations in number theory.

Alexis Claude Clairaut (1713-1765), French mathematician who confirmed the Newton-Huygens belief that the Earth was flattened at the poles.

Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752), Swiss mathematician who worked on analysis and determinants.