Pierre de Fermat, 1601-1665. French lawyer and government official most remembered for his work in the foundations of the calculus and in number theory, in particular for Fermat's Last Theorem.

Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci, 1170-1250. Italian mathematician who introduced the Hindu-Arabic place-valued decimal system and the use of Arabic numerals into Europe.

Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, 1768-1830. French mathematician who studied the mathematical theory of heat conduction. He established the partial differential equation governing heat diffusion and solved it by using infinite series of trigonometric functions.