Also known as cranioscopy, it studies the relationships between a person's character and the morphology of the skull. In other words, it uses the bumpiness of a person's skull to determine his or her character, intelligence, and personality. It has been used to promote racism and sexism. It is considered a pseudoscience now, but was very popular and considered a real science in the 1800s.
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A brief overview of the psychograph, a device used to measure the anatomical structure of a head.
Charlotte Fowler Wells and husband Lorenzo Wells amassed a collection of nearly 2000 items in support of phrenology. This article describes the family's history, beliefs, and collection.
The text, "Elements of Phrenology" by George Combe is offered in its entirety.
Dedicated to the promotion of modern scientific study, Van den Bossche Peter offers a synopsis of the study and offers examples in modern and paleolithic man. Also includes a bibliography and a sign-up for a mailing list.
Offers an interactive phrenological head which maps the various organs to their characteristics. Includes images of the symbolic head and physiognomy illustrations. By Charles Colbert, 1999.
Article by Renato M.E. Sabbatini, PhD. Text posted by McGill University.
About Austrian physician Franz Joseph Gall who essentially created the practice of phrenology. Site also provides an interactive map of the skull and the 37 areas that represent a certain mental trait, as defined by Gall and his assistants.
An overview of phrenology across the world. Includes some unique extracts from primary documents.
Historical information, details about related sciences and a list of links from a skeptic's perspective.
The Fowler brothers ran the Phrenology Institute in the 1800s, and the American author Mark Twain performed tests on the brothers' analyses to disprove their claims.
Class assignment from College of William and Mary how Whitman, American poet and journalist of the 1800s, was connected to phrenology through his poetry.
An article about the study, history and science behind phrenology. By Charlotte Nickerson.
(March 04, 2022)
Dedicated to the promotion of modern scientific study, Van den Bossche Peter offers a synopsis of the study and offers examples in modern and paleolithic man. Also includes a bibliography and a sign-up for a mailing list.
Historical information, details about related sciences and a list of links from a skeptic's perspective.
The text, "Elements of Phrenology" by George Combe is offered in its entirety.
Offers an interactive phrenological head which maps the various organs to their characteristics. Includes images of the symbolic head and physiognomy illustrations. By Charles Colbert, 1999.
Article by Renato M.E. Sabbatini, PhD. Text posted by McGill University.
An overview of phrenology across the world. Includes some unique extracts from primary documents.
Class assignment from College of William and Mary how Whitman, American poet and journalist of the 1800s, was connected to phrenology through his poetry.
The Fowler brothers ran the Phrenology Institute in the 1800s, and the American author Mark Twain performed tests on the brothers' analyses to disprove their claims.
About Austrian physician Franz Joseph Gall who essentially created the practice of phrenology. Site also provides an interactive map of the skull and the 37 areas that represent a certain mental trait, as defined by Gall and his assistants.
Charlotte Fowler Wells and husband Lorenzo Wells amassed a collection of nearly 2000 items in support of phrenology. This article describes the family's history, beliefs, and collection.
A brief overview of the psychograph, a device used to measure the anatomical structure of a head.
An article about the study, history and science behind phrenology. By Charlotte Nickerson.
(March 04, 2022)
