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Description of the philosophical institution founded by Plato, which advocated skepticism in succeeding generations.
Greek philosopher born about 500 BCE, responsible for giving philosophy a home at Athens and the first philosopher to introduce a spiritual principle which gives matter life and form.
4th century BCE philosopher of Abdera, from the school of Democritus.
Greek philosopher of Miletus, born 611 BCE who thought it unnecessary to fix upon air, water, or fire as the original and primary form of body.
5th century BCE Greek philosopher of Miletus who regarded 'air' as the primary form of body.
Consideration of moral status of non-human animals.
11th century English prelate who developed views of atonement and satisfaction which are still held by orthodox theologians.
Athenian philosopher and founder of the Cynic sect who was born around 440 BCE.
The life and work of the major figure in scholastic philosophy.
Description of the life and teachings of the philosopher Aristippus, founder of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy.
The life and work of the 4th century BCE Greek philosopher.
Extensive article on the life and work of the 4th century ecclesiastical author.
16th century philosopher and politician.
School of Russian thought centered on the work of Bakhtin which focused on questions of signification in artistic creation.
Theory in philosophy of mind which maintains that talk of mental events should be translated into talk about observable behavior.
Extensive article on the 18th century 'founder' of utilitarianism.
Influential 18th century Irish philosopher.
18th century icon of a highly intellectualized theology.
Nineteenth century Scottish philosopher who was one of the key figures of the idealist movement that dominated British philosophy from 1870 until the mid 1920s.
Extensive article about his life and work, by Mauro Murzi.
John Searle's thought experiment is one of the best known counters to claims of artificial intelligence.
Prolific stoic of Soli, and disciple of Cleanthes.
1st century BCE Roman orator and philosopher of the New Academy.
17th century 'Cambridge Platonist' who fought for preservation of religious ideals, including divine illumination.
Description of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy, which flourished from the 5th-3rd centuries BCE. The Cyrenaics were skeptics and hedonists.
Introduction to one of the most significant philosophers concerned with philosophy of mind and action of the 20th/21st century.
Early modern philosopher who rejected religious authority in the quest for scientific and philosophical knowledge.
Leading light of the 20th century American school of thought known as pragmatism.
4th cn. BCE cynic philosopher of Sinope.
Maintains that the individual self is the motivating moral force and the end of moral action.
5th century BCE philosopher who combined medical study with Orphic mysticism.
Eminent Stoic philosopher, born as a slave at Hieropolis in Phyrgia in 55 CE.
4th century BCE materialist, empiricist, and hedonist. One of the major philosophers of the Hellenistic period.
The earliest absolute idealist in English philosophy.
One of the major figures in German philosophy in the period between Kant and Hegel.
Lenghty article on the father of psychoanalysis who is generally recognised as one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century.
The German reaction to empiricism, including related theories of Kant, Fichte, Hegel and others.
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article on God from Socrates to Nietzsche.
Greek sophist and rhetorician, known as "the Nihilist," born in 483 BCE.
The philosophical currents of Ancient Greek philosophy are introduced, from the Presocratic philosophers through to Proclus.
19th century group of amateur American philosophers founded and led by William Torrey Harris.
A leading member of logical positivism, the German philosopher died in 1997.
5th century BCE. Presocratic Greek philosopher.
17th century British philosopher. Author of Leviathan (1651).
Leader of the German phenomenological movement.
Examines the poet's role in the development of German Idealism.
Form of monistic materialism which maintains that mental states and brain activities are identical.
Free online encyclopedia. Edited by James Fieser and Bradley Dowden, hosted by the University of Tennessee at Martin.
Examines the nature and justifications of interfering with another polity or choices made by individuals.
Some of those who have attempted to justify war include Aquinas, Grotius, and Pufendorf.
Article on the life and work of the influential philosopher.
19th century German philosopher who criticised the pantheism of Hegel.
Roman poet and advocate of Epicurean philosophy.
19th leader and prophet of utilitarianism, heir to the Hume-Bentham line, and influential force in modern political theory. Author of On Liberty (1859), and Utilitarianism (1863).
Andrew Latus, St. Francis Xavier University, summarizes the discussion between Thomas Nagel and Bernard Williams on the question: Can luck ever make a moral difference?
Introduction to ethics, with links to other articles at the IEP.
Standards that govern human behavior objectively derived from the nature of human beings.
Used in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to describe knowledge of God drawn from nature.
The revival of Greek philosophy in 3rd century BCE, led by Plotinus and his disciple, Porphyry. Influenced by both Pythagoras and Plato.
Detailed biography of the 14th century Franciscan.
Greek philosopher and poet.
Biography and description of the philosophy of Plato.
3rd century CE founder of Neo-Platonism.
19th century French philosopher of science.
Theory that law is manufactured according to certain social conventions.
Early Greek sophist.
Leading German philosopher of science, and logical positivist.
Brief article on the transition between Middle Ages and modernity.
A treatment of the origins and development of the theory of human rights, with philosophical analysis, justifications, and criticisms.
18th century French author of the Social Contract, influential during the French Revolution.
Examines self-referential linguistics used to describe properties and sets.
Patron of John Locke
Leading proponent of Russian transcendental phenomenology.
A description of skepticism in Ancient Greece, led by Pyrrho.
Introduction to the current discussion of skepticism.
View that morality is based on social agreements that serve the interests of those who make the agreement.
The doctrine of the solipsist is that existence means my existence and that of my mental states.
19th century Russian philosopher.
Teachers of philosophy in Ancient Greece, including Protagoras, Gorgias, Prodicus and Hippias.
17th century pantheist, critic of Descartes.
Description of the philosophy of Mind of the Stoics, including the relationship between mind and body, perception, action-theory, and emotion.
Description of the system of ethics, popular in Ancient Greece, which has physics as its foundation.
Detailed biographical essay on the Ancient Greek philosopher.
Long article about questions of time discussed throughout the history of philosophy.
Philosophical theories on the nature of truth, by Bradley Dowden and Norman Swartz.
Organised the development of logical positivism in the 1920s. Included Carnap, Feigl, Frank, Gödel, Hahn, Kraft, Neurath, Waismann. Popper and Wittgenstein also had association with the Vienna Circle.
View that morality is the development of or virtues.
Detailed essay on the life and work of the 20th century philosopher.
Pupil of Socrates, who contributed to the record of his life.
Standards that govern human behavior objectively derived from the nature of human beings.
Detailed essay on the life and work of the 20th century philosopher.
Detailed biographical essay on the Ancient Greek philosopher.
John Searle's thought experiment is one of the best known counters to claims of artificial intelligence.
Description of the philosophy of Mind of the Stoics, including the relationship between mind and body, perception, action-theory, and emotion.
Description of the system of ethics, popular in Ancient Greece, which has physics as its foundation.
The revival of Greek philosophy in 3rd century BCE, led by Plotinus and his disciple, Porphyry. Influenced by both Pythagoras and Plato.
Leader of the German phenomenological movement.
Brief article on the transition between Middle Ages and modernity.
19th century German philosopher who criticised the pantheism of Hegel.
5th century BCE. Presocratic Greek philosopher.
Detailed biography of the 14th century Franciscan.
Greek philosopher and poet.
Greek philosopher born about 500 BCE, responsible for giving philosophy a home at Athens and the first philosopher to introduce a spiritual principle which gives matter life and form.
19th century Russian philosopher.
17th century 'Cambridge Platonist' who fought for preservation of religious ideals, including divine illumination.
Early Greek sophist.
18th century French author of the Social Contract, influential during the French Revolution.
3rd century CE founder of Neo-Platonism.
Roman poet and advocate of Epicurean philosophy.
Andrew Latus, St. Francis Xavier University, summarizes the discussion between Thomas Nagel and Bernard Williams on the question: Can luck ever make a moral difference?
View that morality is based on social agreements that serve the interests of those who make the agreement.
Nineteenth century Scottish philosopher who was one of the key figures of the idealist movement that dominated British philosophy from 1870 until the mid 1920s.
17th century pantheist, critic of Descartes.
A treatment of the origins and development of the theory of human rights, with philosophical analysis, justifications, and criticisms.
Organised the development of logical positivism in the 1920s. Included Carnap, Feigl, Frank, Gödel, Hahn, Kraft, Neurath, Waismann. Popper and Wittgenstein also had association with the Vienna Circle.
17th century British philosopher. Author of Leviathan (1651).
Form of monistic materialism which maintains that mental states and brain activities are identical.
Pupil of Socrates, who contributed to the record of his life.
19th century group of amateur American philosophers founded and led by William Torrey Harris.
View that morality is the development of or virtues.
Description of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy, which flourished from the 5th-3rd centuries BCE. The Cyrenaics were skeptics and hedonists.
11th century English prelate who developed views of atonement and satisfaction which are still held by orthodox theologians.
Philosophical theories on the nature of truth, by Bradley Dowden and Norman Swartz.
Leading German philosopher of science, and logical positivist.
Examines the poet's role in the development of German Idealism.
5th century BCE Greek philosopher of Miletus who regarded 'air' as the primary form of body.
A description of skepticism in Ancient Greece, led by Pyrrho.
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article on God from Socrates to Nietzsche.
Greek philosopher of Miletus, born 611 BCE who thought it unnecessary to fix upon air, water, or fire as the original and primary form of body.
Biography and description of the philosophy of Plato.
Examines self-referential linguistics used to describe properties and sets.
19th leader and prophet of utilitarianism, heir to the Hume-Bentham line, and influential force in modern political theory. Author of On Liberty (1859), and Utilitarianism (1863).
Introduction to one of the most significant philosophers concerned with philosophy of mind and action of the 20th/21st century.
Introduction to ethics, with links to other articles at the IEP.
The German reaction to empiricism, including related theories of Kant, Fichte, Hegel and others.
Some of those who have attempted to justify war include Aquinas, Grotius, and Pufendorf.
Teachers of philosophy in Ancient Greece, including Protagoras, Gorgias, Prodicus and Hippias.
19th century French philosopher of science.
Article on the life and work of the influential philosopher.
Examines the nature and justifications of interfering with another polity or choices made by individuals.
Patron of John Locke
The doctrine of the solipsist is that existence means my existence and that of my mental states.
Theory that law is manufactured according to certain social conventions.
Introduction to the current discussion of skepticism.
School of Russian thought centered on the work of Bakhtin which focused on questions of signification in artistic creation.
Lenghty article on the father of psychoanalysis who is generally recognised as one of the most influential and authoritative thinkers of the twentieth century.
5th century BCE philosopher who combined medical study with Orphic mysticism.
Influential 18th century Irish philosopher.
Extensive article about his life and work, by Mauro Murzi.
The life and work of the major figure in scholastic philosophy.
18th century icon of a highly intellectualized theology.
One of the major figures in German philosophy in the period between Kant and Hegel.
Greek sophist and rhetorician, known as "the Nihilist," born in 483 BCE.
Maintains that the individual self is the motivating moral force and the end of moral action.
The earliest absolute idealist in English philosophy.
16th century philosopher and politician.
Theory in philosophy of mind which maintains that talk of mental events should be translated into talk about observable behavior.
4th century BCE philosopher of Abdera, from the school of Democritus.
Extensive article on the life and work of the 4th century ecclesiastical author.
4th century BCE materialist, empiricist, and hedonist. One of the major philosophers of the Hellenistic period.
Consideration of moral status of non-human animals.
Eminent Stoic philosopher, born as a slave at Hieropolis in Phyrgia in 55 CE.
Description of the philosophical institution founded by Plato, which advocated skepticism in succeeding generations.
Description of the life and teachings of the philosopher Aristippus, founder of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy.
Prolific stoic of Soli, and disciple of Cleanthes.
A leading member of logical positivism, the German philosopher died in 1997.
The philosophical currents of Ancient Greek philosophy are introduced, from the Presocratic philosophers through to Proclus.
Leading light of the 20th century American school of thought known as pragmatism.
4th cn. BCE cynic philosopher of Sinope.
Athenian philosopher and founder of the Cynic sect who was born around 440 BCE.
Extensive article on the 18th century 'founder' of utilitarianism.
Leading proponent of Russian transcendental phenomenology.
Long article about questions of time discussed throughout the history of philosophy.
1st century BCE Roman orator and philosopher of the New Academy.
Free online encyclopedia. Edited by James Fieser and Bradley Dowden, hosted by the University of Tennessee at Martin.
Used in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to describe knowledge of God drawn from nature.
Early modern philosopher who rejected religious authority in the quest for scientific and philosophical knowledge.
The life and work of the 4th century BCE Greek philosopher.
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